Petroleum proppant is also called oil fracturing proppant. Petroleum and natural gas in deep mining, deposits of low permeability after fracturing treatment after high closure pressure, the rock burst of oil and gas, oil and gas from the cracks in the channel formed from a fluid is needed at this time into the rock , with more than formation fracture pressure, the crack shaft surrounding rock , forming a with high-rise passage open crack formation to maintain after fracturing, oil and gas products can pass smoothly.

The oil proppant enters the stratum along with the high pressure solution and fills in the fracture of the stratum rock, and the supporting fracture is not closed due to the release of the stress, thereby keeping the high diversion capacity, making the oil and gas flow unimpeded and increasing the output.

Performance requirements of petroleum proppant:

1, support agent should have enough compressive strength and wear resistance, can withstand the injection of strong pressure and friction, and effectively support artificial fracture.

2, proppant particles relative density is low, easy to pump into the well.

3, proppant particles in the temperature of 200 degrees, and fracturing fluid and reservoir fluid does not have chemical action, the maximum solubility of acid, the allowable value should be less than 7%.

At present, the commonly used proppant mainly include quartz sand, aluminum vanadium soil, ceramsite sand and resin coated composite particles. Because of its low cost, low density and easy pumping, quartz sand is low in strength, poor in sphericity and capable of reducing fracture conductivity. It is not suitable for deep wells with high closed pressure. Composite resin coated quartz sand, sphericity improved, corrosion resistance is strong, the conductivity is also good, but the product remains short period, high cost and cost in the first today, the promotion is not easy, and the use of bauxite ceramic craft ceramic proppant, high density, good sphericity, corrosion resistance. High temperature, high pressure, and the cost can be controlled well, so more and more widely used in oil and gas fields. Practice has proved that the use of ceramic proppant fracturing wells can increase the yield of 30 - 50%, can prolong the service life of oil and gas, is a key material of oil and natural gas in low permeability oil and gas well exploitation and construction, not only can increase the production of oil and gas, but also can prolong the service life of oil and gas wells.

The main raw materials of ceramic proppant is bauxite, which is China's bauxite rich countries, bauxite distribution is highly concentrated, Shanxi, Guizhou, Henan and Guangxi four provinces (regions) of the total reserves of the total reserves of 90.9% (Shanxi 41.6%, Guizhou 17.1%, Henan 16.7%, Guangxi 15.5%), the rest have the 15 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, the total reserves of the country accounted for only 9.1% of total reserves. China's ceramic support agent, with its good supporting capacity, gradually replaced the conventional proppant sand to enter the U. S. market. So far, China made ceramic proppant has accounted for 13% of the entire North American ceramic support market, the average annual business amounted to $3 billion.

Technical aspects

1940 fracturing tests without proppant, fracturing is stopped soon because of poor benefit. 1950 early frac construction uses quartz sand from the Arkansas River and the White quartz sand of the Saint Peter formation of Illinois Ottawa. 1958 use "Brown" quartz sand near Brady sandstone in Hickory. 1960 glass beads, plastic beads, walnut shells - try single sanding design, failure due to settlement, ment, stress concentration (soluble proppant isolation). 1970-1975 curable resin coated quartz sand. 1979 the first commercial ceramsite proppant. 1980-1982, pre curing resin coated quartz sand. 1985 low density ceramsite added with additive porous support agent, such as adding inhibitors to prevent scale, etc., to increase the strength and narrow particle size distribution of some ceramsite products. 2002 extremely low density ceramsite proppant successfully.

Industry development

In recent years, with the development of domestic oil fracturing proppant production, the export volume of oil fracturing proppant has gradually come from scratch, from less to more. Overall, however, exports are still less than imports. Moreover, the products are mainly concentrated in the lower value-added products, and imports are high value-added products, such as excellent performance of high strength oil fracturing proppant products. The development of China's oil fracture proppant industry is not fast, the average annual growth rate of the market is around 15%, and the annual growth rate of the total production capacity of enterprises is about 12%. A large number of enterprises, but most of them are small enterprises, low production, low technical content, the means of competition are mainly concentrated in the product prices above, and did not occupy a large proportion of the market share of large-scale enterprises. Domestic oil demand continues to increase, and oil dependence on foreign countries continues to increase. In order to meet the increasing domestic demand for oil, the oil extraction industry has developed rapidly. Correspondingly, the rapid expansion of the production of related products. China's oil fracture proppant industry in this period of time, the development of relatively rapid, the market growth rate of 20%. In 2009, the investment amount of China's oil fracturing proppant industry was 470 million yuan, up from 620 million yuan in 2011, with an average annual growth rate of more than 13%.

performance

The performance requirements of the Petroleum proppant: 1. The support agent should have sufficient compressive strength and wear resistance, can withstand the strong pressure and friction when injected, and effectively support the artificial fracture. 2, proppant particles relative density is low, easy to pump into the well. 3, proppant particles in the temperature of 200 degrees, and fracturing fluid and reservoir fluid does not have chemical action, the maximum solubility of acid, the allowable value should be less than 7%.

Material Science

At present, the commonly used proppant mainly include quartz sand, aluminum vanadium soil, ceramsite sand and resin coated composite particles. Because of its low cost, low density and easy pumping, quartz sand is low in strength, poor in sphericity and capable of reducing fracture conductivity. It is not suitable for deep wells with high closed pressure. Composite resin coated quartz sand, sphericity improved, corrosion resistance is strong, the conductivity is also good, but the product remains short period, high cost and cost in the first today, the promotion is not easy, and the use of bauxite ceramic craft ceramic proppant, high density, good sphericity, corrosion resistance. High temperature, high pressure, and the cost can be controlled well, so more and more widely used in oil and gas fields. Practice has proved that the use of ceramic proppant fracturing wells can increase the yield of 30 - 50%, can prolong the service life of oil and gas, is a key material of oil and natural gas in low permeability oil and gas well exploitation and construction, not only can increase the production of oil and gas, but also can prolong the service life of oil and gas wells.

The main raw materials of ceramic proppant is bauxite, which is China's bauxite rich countries, bauxite distribution is highly concentrated, Shanxi, Guizhou, Henan and Guangxi four provinces (regions) of the total reserves of the total reserves of 90.9% (Shanxi 41.6%, Guizhou 17.1%, Henan 16.7%, Guangxi 15.5%), the rest have the 15 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, the total reserves of the country accounted for only 9.1% of total reserves. China's ceramic support agent, with its good supporting capacity, gradually replaced the conventional proppant sand to enter the U. S. market. So far, China made ceramic proppant has accounted for 13% of the entire North American ceramic support market, the average annual business amounted to $3 billion.